Learn Vimscript the Hard Way
显示 vimrc 位置:
:echo $MYVIMRC
显示信息：
:echo "hello world"
:echom "hello again, world"
:message打印的列表保存了echom的信息。
设置选项
boolean 选项：
:set number
:set nonumber
:set number! "toggle option
:set number? "check option
带值的选项：
:set number
:set numberwidth=10
:set numberwidth=4
:set number?
设置 buffer local 选项：
:setlocal number
:setlocal wrap
一些选项：
wrap shiftaround matchtime
misc：
:help 'number' "get help for option number
:help number "get help for command number
Mappings
basic mapping:
:map char command
:unmap char
special chars:
<space> <c-d> <esc> <cr> <nop> <cword>
modal mapping:
nmap vmap imap
nunmap vunmap iunmap
Nonrecursive Mapping:
noremap nnoremap vnoremap inoremap
leader char:
:let mapleader = "-"
:nnoremap <leader>d dd
same as:
:nnoremap -d dd
local leader:
"map to char `\`"
:let maplocalleader = "\\"
abbreviation:
:iabbrev @@ steve@stevelosh.com
:iabbrev <buffer> --- —
a sample mapping:
:nnoremap <leader>" viw<esc>a"<esc>hbi"<esc>lel
buffer-local mapping,takes effect only in current buffer:
:nnoremap <buffer> <localleader>x dd
shadowing:
"first command will override second if in local buffer
:nnoremap <buffer> Q x
:nnoremap Q dd
Autocommands
:autocmd event[,event2...] pattern command
:autocmd BufNewFile * :write
"pattern: * *.txt *.py
"command: cannot use special chars
FileType events:
:autocmd FileType javascript nnoremap <buffer> <localleader>c I//<esc>
:autocmd FileType python nnoremap <buffer> <localleader>c I#<esc>
get list of all events:
:help autocmd-events
combine with buffer-local abbreviation:
:autocmd FileType python :iabbrev <buffer> iff if:<left>
:autocmd FileType javascript :iabbrev <buffer> iff if ()<left>
autocmd groups:
"group autocmd, trigger when event happens
:augroup testgroup
: autocmd BufWrite * :echom "Foo"
: autocmd BufWrite * :echom "Bar"
:augroup END
:augroup testgroup
: autocmd BufWrite * :echom "Baz"
:augroup END
clearing groups:
:augroup testgroup
: autocmd!
: autocmd BufWrite * :echom "Cats"
:augroup END
movement mappings:
:onoremap p i(
:onoremap b /return<cr>
:onoremap in( :<c-u>normal! f(vi(<cr>
execute:
:execute "normal! ?^==\\+$\r:nohlsearch\rkvg_"
"\\: '\'
"\r: <cr>
"normal: <esc>
status lines
:set statusline=%f\ -\ FileType:\ %y
:set statusline=[%4l]
:help statusline
variables
"read and write a variable
:let foo = "bar"
:echo foo
"set and echo an option
:set textwidth=80
:echo &textwidth
"set local option
:let &l:number = 1
"assgin a register
:let @a = "hello!"
:echo @a
"local buffer variable
:let b:hello = "world"
:echo b:hello
conditions
:if “condition”: do something
:endif
"9024" = 9024
"hello" + 10 = 10
"10hello" + 10 = 20
"hello10" + 10 = 10
:if 0
: echom "if"
:elseif "nope!"
: echom "elseif"
:else
: echom "finally!"
:endif
Comparison:
> < ==
==? case-insensitive
==# case-sensitive
functions
:function Meow()
: echom "Meow!"
:endfunction " 隐式返回 0
:call Meow()
:function GetMeow()
: return "Meow String!"
:endfunction
:echom GetMeow()
arguments:
:function DisplayName(name)
: echom "Hello! My name is:"
: echom a:name
:endfunction
:call DisplayName("Your Name")
varargs:
:function Varg(...)
: echom a:0
: echom a:1
: echo a:000
:endfunction
:call Varg("a", "b")
not allowed to assign a argument:
:function Assign(foo)
: let a:foo = "Nope"
: echom a:foo
:endfunction
:call Assign("test")
should like:
:function AssignGood(foo)
: let foo_tmp = a:foo
: let foo_tmp = "Yep"
: echom foo_tmp
:endfunction
:call AssignGood("test")
variable types
numbers:
100 0xff 010 100.1 5.23e+3 15.3e9
Coercion:
2 * 2.0 = 4.0
3/2 = 1
3/2.0 = 1.5
strings:
"hello," + "world" = 0
"3 mice" + "2 cats" = 5
10 + "10.10" = 20
"hello, " . "world" = "hello, world"
10 . "foo" = "10foo"
10.1 . "foo" = error
special chars:
\" \\ \n
literal string:
'\n\\'
'That''s enough.' = "That's enough." help:
:help expr-quote
:help literal-string
string functions:
strlen() len()
split(s,sep=' ')
:echo join(["foo", "bar"], "...") = foo...bar
tolower() toupper()
execute and normal
execute:
:execute "echom 'Hello, world!'"
normal:
:normal G
:normal ggdd
"run a command without recursive mapping
:nnoremap G dd
:normal! G "go to last lline
combine together:
" `\<cr>` simulates ESC key in insert mode
:execute "normal! gg/foo\<cr>dd"
regular expressions
helps:
:help magic
:help pattern-overview
lists
:echo ['foo', [3, 'bar']]
:echo [0, [1, 2]][1]
:echo [0, [1, 2]][-2]
:echo ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'][0:2]
:echo ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'][0:100000]
['a', 'b'] + ['c'] = ['a', 'b', 'c']
functions:
add(['a'], 'b') = ['a', 'b']
len(list) get() index() join() reverse()
loops
for:
:for i in list
: do something
:endfor
while:
:let c = 1
:let total = 0
:while c <= 4
: let total += c
: let c += 1
:endwhile
:echom total
dictionaries
:echo {'a': 1, 100: 'foo'}
indexing:
:echo {'a': 1, 100: 'foo',}['a']
:echo {'a': 1, 100: 'foo',}[100]
:echo {'a': 1, 100: 'foo',}.a
:echo {'a': 1, 100: 'foo',}.100
assigning and adding:
:let foo = {'a': 1}
:let foo.a = 100
:let foo.b = 200
:echo foo
removing entries:
:let test = remove(foo, 'a')
:unlet foo.b
:echo foo
:echo test
functions:
get() has_key() items()
paths
%: the current file
%:p: absolute path
listing files:
:echo globpath('.', '*')